Was able to spend some time with this a couple of minutes ago now that the power is back on.
I deleted the linearity.dat file, which did not fix the issue. So I started messing around with speeds and noticed that when I set the speed to 8000 in Mach, none of the Spindle Speed override buttons would work until I hit 170%, and it went up in very small increments after that. Obviously not what I was expecting.
So I shut the spindle off, went into Spindle Pulley Setup, changed the min speed from 8000 to 0, and everything worked as expected (within 100 rpm or so).
Thanks again for the help.